22 Sustainable Building Materials For Homes

The construction industry has generally relied on materials and practices that aren’t always eco-friendly. But with growing awareness of environmental issues, more people are looking for sustainable building materials. These allows them to reduce their carbon footprint and promote a greener future.

Sustainable building materials minimize environmental impact, improve energy efficiency, and create healthier living spaces. They often use recycled or renewable resources, and they aim to reduce waste and pollution.

As green building practices become more popular, the demand for eco-friendly materials is on the rise. If you're looking to construct a new house in Texas, this is great news: building a new home that’s both beautiful and environmentally friendly is easier than ever.

In this article, we’ll explore 25 sustainable building materials that can help make your home construction projects more environmentally friendly.

Whether you’re starting from scratch or renovating, you can build a sustainable home without sacrificing modern design standards.

What Are Sustainable Building Materials?

Truly sustainable building materials have a minimal environmental impact throughout their lifecycle. Sustainable materials come from production methods meant to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and lower carbon emissions. All sustainable building materials help construction teams create buildings that are energy efficient, durable, and healthy – both for occupants and the environment.

Conventional construction materials often rely on non-renewable resources. Eco-friendly construction materials are great because they put an emphasis on energy efficiency and indoor air quality. This helps you save on energy bills and keep your loved ones safe and healthy.

As an example, materials with high insulation properties can reduce energy usage by keeping homes warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer without constantly running your A/C or heater.

Sustainable building materials are key to green building practices. They offer a responsible alternative to traditional construction materials and help create homes that are beautiful, functional, and environmentally friendly.

What Are Some Examples Of Sustainable Construction Materials?

When it comes to sustainable construction, bamboo and recycled steel are excellent examples of eco-friendly materials.

Bamboo is a rapidly renewable resource that grows much faster than traditional hardwoods, which makes it an ideal choice for flooring and structural elements. It's incredibly durable and offers a natural aesthetic that suits many design styles.

Recycled steel, on the other hand, is a robust and long-lasting material perfect for roofing and framing. By using recycled steel, we reduce the need for new raw materials and decrease the environmental impact associated with steel production.

These materials are just the beginning. Sustainable construction involves a wide range of eco-friendly construction materials designed to minimize environmental impact and there are tons of options available.

Below, we've put together a list of 25 sustainable building materials that can help make your new home construction project both energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

Sustainable Insulation Options

Proper insulation is one of the most important factors for high energy efficiency in homes. Sustainable insulation options will keep your home comfortable while minimizing environmental impact by using natural and recycled materials. Here are some excellent eco-friendly insulation choices.

Sheep’s Wool Insulation

Sheep’s wool insulation is a natural insulator known for its effectiveness and for being 100% natural. It's a great option because it compares to the benchmark set by other types of insulation.

Wool fibers trap air to provide excellent thermal insulation and help regulate humidity, which enhances indoor air quality.

Sheep’s wool is also fire-resistant and has a lower environmental impact compared to conventional insulation materials.

It's also worth pointing out that sheep’s wool insulation can be more expensive than other insulation options. The higher cost may be a drawback for homeowners on a budget. Wool insulation may also require treatment to prevent pests and ensure durability, which can add to your overall cost and long-term maintenance requirements.

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Mycelium Insulation Panels

Mycelium insulation panels come from fungal mycelium. These panels are fully compostable, and have excellent insulating properties.

Mycelium is resistant to pests and mold, and it grows very quickly. Builders can form it into various shapes, making it a versatile material for different sustainable construction projects.

That said, mycelium insulation panels are sensitive to moisture, which may compromise their insulating properties and durability over time. This is why they require careful installation and maintenance to ensure long-term effectiveness.

Plant-Based Polyurethane Foam Insulation

Plant-based polyurethane foam insulation comes from natural oils, such as soy or castor beans. This type of insulation offers high thermal resistance that helps reduce energy consumption and costs.

It's typically a spray that expands to fill gaps and cracks. This creates an effective barrier against heat loss and cold air infiltration.

Note that the production and installation of plant-based polyurethane foam insulation can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These may impact indoor air quality temporarily, but they dissipate over time.

While it is more sustainable than petroleum-based alternatives, the environmental benefits can vary depending on the sourcing and processing of the natural oils.

Recycled Paper Cellulose Insulation

Recycled paper cellulose insulation is a material created with recycled newspaper. It's a great sustainable choice for insulating walls and attics.

This style of insulation usually receives treatment with non-toxic fire retardants for safety. It also insulates against sound almost as well as it insulates against heat.

It's also cost-effective and environmentally friendly since it repurposes waste paper that would otherwise end up in landfills.

Like any other building material, recycled paper cellulose insulation has its own drawbacks. The material can settle over time, which reduces its effectiveness and creates gaps where heat can escape.

It is also susceptible to moisture. Too much exposure can lead to mold growth and reduced insulating properties. This is why working with a professional like Dunn & Stone is important if you want to use this material in your construction project.

Sustainable Structural Materials

Structural materials form the backbone of any building. Choosing sustainable options can reduce the impact that building your home has on the environment. Here are some eco-friendly structural materials that promote green construction and sustainable building practices.

Reclaimed Wood Beams

Reclaimed wood beams come from old buildings. Then they are repurposed for new construction projects. This reduces the need for new lumber to conserve natural resources and minimize waste.

Reclaimed wood provides a rustic, aesthetic appeal and is often more durable than newly harvested wood, so it's a surprisingly popular choice for anyone looking to build more sustainably.

Sourcing reclaimed wood can be labor-intensive and time-consuming, which can increase costs. There is also the potential for hidden problems to arise, such as pests, nails, or rot, that may require additional treatment or refinishing. This can also increase construction costs.

Hempcrete Blocks

Hempcrete blocks are made from hemp fibers and lime and offer a sustainable alternative to traditional concrete.

Hempcrete provides excellent insulation, is lightweight, and has a very low carbon footprint. It's actually carbon negative, meaning it absorbs more carbon dioxide during its production than it emits.

Hempcrete blocks are ideal for non-load-bearing walls and infill in timber frame construction. The only drawback is that hempcrete has lower compressive strength compared to traditional concrete, making it unsuitable for certain structural load-bearing applications.

Adobe Bricks

Adobe bricks are a traditional building material made from earth and organic materials like straw. They've been used for hundreds of years.

Adobe is known for its durability and natural insulation.

Making these bricks is sustainable because the process requires minimal energy. Adobe is particularly suited for dry climates and offers a natural, earthy aesthetic.

However, adobe bricks are not typically used in Texas-style homes, which often use other materials like brick, wood, and stucco instead.

Adobe bricks, like hempcrete, are ideal for non-load-bearing walls and infill in timber frame construction because of their excellent insulation. But they're also vulnerable to moisture, which can weaken the structure and lead to erosion over time. For this reason they're best-suited for regions with arid climates.

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Fly Ash Concrete Blocks

Fly ash concrete blocks are made of fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, mixed with concrete.

This innovative use of waste material helps reduce landfill waste and lowers the demand for traditional cement, which is energy-intensive to produce.

Fly ash concrete blocks are strong, durable, and contribute to sustainable building practices by repurposing industrial byproducts.

If you opt for fly ash concrete blocks, take into account that the quality of fly ash can vary. If you aren't using quality materials, can affect the consistency and performance of the blocks.

Fly ash concrete blocks are ideal for structural foundations and load-bearing walls, where their strength and durability can be put to full use.

Rammed Earth Walls

Rammed earth walls are constructed by compacting soil into molds to create sturdy, energy-efficient walls. This ancient building technique uses natural resources and has a minimal carbon footprint.

Rammed earth provides excellent thermal mass to help regulate indoor temperatures and reduce energy consumption. They're great for use in dry climates and best suited for exterior walls.

SIP Panels (Structural Insulated Panels)

SIP panels are made of a prefabricated insulating foam core that's sandwiched between two structural facings made of oriented strand board (OSB).

These panels provide superior insulation, strength, and energy efficiency.

SIPs are typically used for walls and roofs. They are an excellent choice for sustainable building projects aiming for high performance and low environmental impact.

Cross-Laminated Timber Panels (CLT)

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels are engineered wood panels made by layering timber in opposing directions.

CLT is a renewable material that offers high strength and stability.

Using CLT reduces reliance on traditional construction materials like steel and concrete, which have higher carbon footprints. CLT panels are also prefabricated, reducing construction waste and time on site.

The primary factor to keep in mind if you're investigating this material is the cost.

CLT can be more expensive than traditional wood framing materials because of the manufacturing process and the need for specialized labor during installation. CLT panels aren't easily available in all regions, which may also lead to higher shipping costs and longer construction times.

Sustainable Roofing and Exterior Materials

Choosing sustainable materials for roofing and exterior elements is another important consideration if your goal is to build an environmentally friendly home. The materials below enhance energy efficiency, manage rainwater, and reduce environmental impact without sacrificing the structural durability of other materials commonly used in exteriors.

Recycled Steel Roofing

Recycled steel roofing is made from repurposed steel. It offers excellent longevity and energy efficiency. It reflects heat to keep homes cooler in the summer. It's also fire-resistant and can withstand extreme weather conditions, making it a practical and sustainable choice for any new construction project.

Apart from the fact that it's more expensive than typical materials like asphalt shingles, recycled steel roofing can also be very noisy during heavy rain and storms. That said, it's great for home use, especially in areas prone to fires. It's even better for use in industrial construction projects where durability and low maintenance are top priorities.

Solar Roof Tiles

Solar roof tiles are photo-sensitive tiles integrated directly into the roof to generate electricity from sunlight.

Solar roof tiles blend seamlessly with traditional roofing materials and offer an aesthetically pleasing way to reduce (or even totally eliminate) energy bills without installing unappealing solar panels on top of your new home.

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Green Roof Systems

Green roof systems involve layers of vegetation planted on rooftops to provide natural insulation and manage rainwater. These systems help reduce urban heat island effects, which improves air quality and supports diversity in the local ecosystem.

Green roofs can be quite expensive to maintain, but they enhance energy efficiency by insulating buildings, which can significantly lower heating and cooling costs.

Permeable Concrete Pavers

Permeable concrete pavers allow water to pass through, reducing runoff and promoting groundwater recharge. Used in driveways and walkways, these pavers help manage rainwater sustainably and prevent erosion.

Permeable pavers can prevent issues caused by water runoff by improving drainage on your property. Improved drainage helps prevent pooling and puddling, which can protect the foundation and landscaping while reducing the need for extensive, expensive drainage systems.

Sustainable Interior Finishes

Selecting sustainable interior finishes is just as important as using green materials in your home's exterior. The materials below reduce environmental impact, enhance the eco-friendliness of your home, and more often than not, they look great while doing it.

Recycled Glass Countertops

Recycled glass countertops are made by embedding glass fragments in resin or concrete to create a unique, vibrant surface.

Recycled glass countertops are durable, easy to maintain, and add a modern, artistic touch to any kitchen or bathroom similar to granite and quartz.

They are non-porous, which makes them resistant to stains and bacteria, and they can be cleaned with mild soap and water. The only drawback is that they're easier to chip than materials like quartz or granite.

Ferrock Panels

Ferrock panels are an innovative building material made from waste steel dust and silica. During the hardening process, ferrock absorbs carbon dioxide, making it a carbon-negative material. This property helps reduce the overall carbon footprint of construction projects.

Ferrock panels are incredibly strong and durable, offering an eco-friendly alternative to traditional concrete. By utilizing waste materials like steel dust, ferrock panels contribute to sustainable construction and help lower greenhouse gas emissions.

Other Materials

Exploring various sustainable building materials can help you create an eco-friendly home that is both functional and energy-efficient. Here are some additional materials and ideas that promote green construction and sustainable living.

High Efficiency HVAC Systems

High efficiency HVAC systems are specifically designed to provide optimal heating, ventilation, and air conditioning with minimal energy consumption.

These systems use advanced technologies like variable speed motors and smart thermostats to adjust to your home’s needs in real-time, so you always have consistent indoor temperatures and superior air quality.

They are an excellent choice for homeowners looking to enhance comfort while minimizing their environmental impact.

Recycled Plastic Lumber

Recycled plastic lumber is created from repurposed plastic, and is an excellent choice for decking and outdoor furniture.

This material is durable, resistant to moisture and insects, and requires minimal maintenance compared to other sustainable materials like wood.

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Straw Bale Walls

Straw bale walls use straw bales as insulation and structural elements in building construction. Straw is a renewable resource and provides excellent thermal insulation, making it ideal for energy-efficient homes.

Building with straw bales reduces reliance on traditional construction materials and offers a sustainable alternative that minimizes environmental impact, but it comes with its own set of considerations.

Straw bales can be susceptible to moisture, which can lead to mold, rot, and degradation over time. Proper waterproofing and maintenance are crucial to prevent these issues. Using this material will require regular inspections and maintenance which can be more frequent than with conventional materials.

There are also concerns about fire risk with straw bale construction. While properly constructed straw bale walls with adequate plaster or stucco coating can be fire-resistant, improper installation or insufficient coating can increase the risk of fire. Making sure that straw bales are tightly compacted and well-sealed is extremely important to keep the risk of fire at a minimum.

ICF Blocks (Insulated Concrete Forms)

ICF blocks, or insulated concrete forms, are hollow blocks filled with concrete that provide both insulation and structural support.

These blocks are energy-efficient, offer superior thermal performance and reduced energy costs compared to traditional materials. They are a practical choice for creating strong, durable, and energy-efficient structures.

Low-E Glass Windows

If there's one material on the list we recommend you install no matter what, it's this one. Low-E (low-emissivity) glass windows are coated to reduce heat transfer, which improves energy efficiency in homes. These windows reflect heat back into the room during winter and block heat from entering during summer, so you can maintain a comfortable indoor climate year-round.

Low-E glass windows help lower energy consumption and costs by reducing the need for heating and cooling.

Build A Sustainable Home With Dunn & Stone

Dunn & Stone has over 30 years of experience building new homes in Texas. We understand the importance of creating homes that are not only beautiful but also environmentally friendly and energy-efficient.

With our extensive knowledge and expertise, we're prepared to guide you through the process of selecting the best sustainable building materials to fit your dream home vision and your lifestyle needs.

Whether you're interested in recycled materials, natural insulation options, or high efficiency systems, we have the skills and resources to make your dream home a reality. Contact us today to learn how you can turn your dream home into a reality.